1. Introduction of optical moduleAs an important part of fiber optic communication, optical module is an optoelectronic device that realizes the function of photoelectric conversion and electro-optical conversion. To be precise, optical module is the general name of several types of modules, including optical transmitting module transmitter, optical receiving module receiver, optical transceiver module transmitter and optical forwarding module transmitter. Generally, the optical module we call generally refers to the integrated optical transceiver module, namely, optical transceiver. ① Working principle of optical transceiver Optical transceiver works in the physical layer of OSI model and is one of the core devices in optical fiber communication system. It is mainly composed of optoelectronic devices (optical transmitter, optical receiver), functional circuit and optical (Electrical) interface. Components of an optical transceiver Basic principle: the transmitting interface inputs an electrical signal with a certain code rate. After being processed by the internal driving chip, the driving semiconductor laser (LD) or light emitting diode (LED) emits a modulated optical signal with a corresponding rate. After being transmitted through the optical fiber, the receiving interface converts the optical signal from the optical detection diode into an electrical signal, After passing through the preamplifier, the electrical signal of the corresponding code rate is output. ② Key parameters of optical transceiver The key technical indicators of the optical transceiver mainly include: transmitting optical power, receiving optical power, overload optical power, maximum receiving sensitivity and extinction ratio. A. Transmitting optical power: refers to the optical power output by the light source at the transmitting end of the optical module under normal working conditions, which can be understood as the intensity of light, and the unit is w or MW or DBM. Where w or MW is the linear unit and DBM is the logarithmic unit. In communication, we usually use DBM to represent optical power, and the optical power of 0dbm corresponds to 1MW.B. Receiving optical power: refers to the average optical power range that can be received by the receiving end component under the condition of a certain bit error rate (BER = 10-12). The upper limit value is the overload optical power, and the lower limit value is the maximum value of reception sensitivity.C. Overload optical power: also known as saturated optical power, it refers to the maximum input average optical power that can be received by the receiver component when a certain bit error rate (BER = 10-12) is maintained at a certain transmission rate (unit: DBM). It should be noted that the photocurrent saturation of the photodetector will occur under strong light irradiation. Therefore, strong light irradiation should be avoided as far as possible to prevent exceeding the saturated light power.D. Receiving sensitivity: refers to the minimum average input optical power that can be received by the receiving end component when a certain bit error rate (BER = 10-12) is maintained at a certain transmission rate (unit: DBM). Generally, the higher the rate, the worse the reception sensitivity, that is, the greater the minimum received optical power, and the higher the requirements for the receiving devices of the optical transceiver.E. Extinction ratio (EXT): it is one of the important parameters used to measure the quality of optical modules. It refers to the ratio of the optical power P1 (when the laser emits all "1" codes) to P0 (when the laser emits all "0" codes) under the condition of full modulation, and the unit is dB. It is not that the greater the extinction ratio, the better the quality of the optical module, but that the optical module with an extinction ratio can meet the IEEE 802.3 standard is the better. ③ Example of optical transceiver information on the switch: Cisco switch interface optical transceiver information: Huawei switch interface optical transceiver information:2. Classification and packaging(form-factor) of optical transceivers ① Transmission rate: The current common types of optical modules are as follows:400GE optical module200GE optical module100GE optical module40GE optical module25GE Optical Module10GE Optical ModuleGE Optical ModuleFE Optical Module ② Form-factors: The higher the transmission rate, the more complex the structure, resulting in form-factors. For example, SFP/eSFP, SFP+, SFP28, QSFP+, CXP, CFP, QSFP28, etc. l SFP (Small Form-factor Pluggable) optical module: small pluggable SFP module supports LC fiber connector.l SFP + (Small Form-factor Pluggable plus) optical module: refers to the SFP module with increased rate. Because of the increased rate, it is sensitive to EMI and smaller than the SFP module.l XFP (10GB Small Form-factor Pluggable) optical module: "X" is the abbreviation of Roman numeral 10. All XFP modules are 10GE optical modules. The XFP optical module supports LC optical fiber connectors. Compared with SFP + optical module, XFP optical module is wider and longer in size.l SFP28 (Small Form-factor Pluggable 28) optical module: the interface package size is the same as that of SFP +, and supports 25G SFP28 optical module and 10G SFP + optical module.l QSFP+ (Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable) optical module: four channel small hot pluggable optical module. QSFP + optical module supports MPO optical fiber connector, which is larger than SFP + optical module. Fiber Mall 40G QSFP+ Optical Transceivers l CXP (120 GB/s Extended Capability Form-factor Pluggable) optical module: it is a hot-pluggable high-density parallel optical module standard. It provides 12 channels in the transmit and receive (TX / Rx) directions. It is only applicable to short-range multimode links.l CFP (CENTUM Form-factor pluggable) optical module: the size is defined as 144.75mm × 82mm × 13.6mm, which is a new optical module standard with high speed, hot-pluggable and supporting two applications of data communication and telecommunication transmission.l QSFP28 (Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable 28) optical module: the interface package size is the same as QSFP+, and supports 100G QSFP28 optical module and 40G QSFP+ optical module. ③ Single-mode or muti-mode? The optical fiber is divided into single-mode optical fiber and multi-mode optical fiber. The single-mode optical module is used together with the single-mode optical fiber. The single-mode optical fiber has wide transmission frequency bandwidth and large transmission capacity, which is suitable for long-distance transmission; The multi-mode optical module is used together with multi-mode optical fiber, and multi-mode optical fiber has mode dispersion defect, and its transmission performance is worse than that of single-mode optical fiber, but the cost is low. Therefore, it is suitable for small capacity and short-distance transmission. ④ Wavelength The central wavelength refers to the waveband used for optical signal transmission. At present, there are three kinds of common central wavelengths: 850nm, 1310nm and 1550nm.850nm: mostly used for short distance transmission (≤ 2km)1310nm and 1550nm: mostly used for medium and long distance transmission (>2km) ⑤ Transmission distance According to the different transmission distance of optical module, it can be divided into:Short distance optical module: ≤ 2kmMedium distance optical module, 10 ~ 20kmLong distance optical module: ≥30km.The transmission distance of optical modules is limited mainly because of the loss and dispersion of optical signals during fiber transmission. ⑥ Photoelectric module The photoelectric module is usually called electric port module or RJ45 SFP module. Unlike the optical module, the electric port module does not carry out photoelectric conversion. Through the switching of the electric module, the two optical interfaces can be connected with a network cable.RJ45 Copper SFP Module 3. Development and evolution of optical transceiversIn the current physical architecture network of mainstream data centers, Spine-Leaf (Clos network architecture) architecture is commonly followed. Usually 10GE interface is used as the access side server docking, and 40GE interface is commonly used for the uplink on the Leaf side. In large data centers, it has been common to use 25G as the mainstream access and 100G uplink. In scenarios requiring high computation and high bandwidth, GPU servers have been using 100GE and even 200GE access. Data center switch interconnects are evolving to large-scale 400GE interconnects.The development of Ethernet has undergone rapid changes from 1Mbit/s, 10Mbit/s, 100Mbit/s (FE), 1Gbit/s (GE), 10Gbit/s (10GE) to 40Gbit/s (40GE), 100Gbit\s (100GE), and with the rapid development of big data, smart cities, mobile Internet, cloud computing, network traffic has shown exponential growth. The thirst for continuous growth of bandwidth will require higher bandwidth rates, and optical modules will develop rapidly.
Fiber Optic Transceivers Optical Module Fiber Optic 2660 81 07/29/21RECENT POSTS
GUANGZHOU, China, April 16, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- On April 12, GAC TECH DAY 2024 took center stage at the GAC Research Institute in Guangzhou, China, under the theme "See the World with New Vision." The conference was attended by approximately 260 foreign and domestic media outlets and distinguished guests, including relevant Guangdong Province and Guangzhou City leaders, Zeng Qinghong, Chairman of GAC Group, and Feng Xingya, President of GAC Group. GAC TECH DAY 2024: Groundbreaking Innovations Redefine Automotive Excellence On the day, GAC, a trailblazer in automotive advancements, unveiled several groundbreaking technologies set to revolutionize the driving experience. First, the Garcia Intelligent Driving System, a pioneering pure vision-based intelligent driving solution devoid of maps, promises a seamless and immersive driving experience. Unlike traditional systems reliant on high-precision maps and LiDAR, Garcia leverages visual sensors and AI algorithms to perceive the world with human-like precision. With three leading capabilities in visual recognition, Garcia offers unparalleled accuracy and reliability in complex traffic scenarios. GAC also announced key breakthroughs in its all-solid-state power battery technology, setting a new standard for energy density, safety, and capacity. The innovative battery promises extended ranges exceeding 1000km and enhanced safety under extreme conditions. Both innovations are set for mass production and deployment by 2026. In addition to technological breakthroughs, GAC showcased a range of advanced technologies and user-centric products, including electromagnetic suspension, skateboard chassis, and GOVE, the company's first eVTOL mobility solution that has already completed its maiden flight this March. GAC's new iGLCA intelligent light commercial vehicle segment—MIRACO Motor—also made its official debut at GAC TECH DAY 2024 with the release of its flagship model "MiraLounge". Primarily designed for passenger transport services, the vehicle allows for the separation of cabin and driving compartment to achieve a multi-model derivation through "MiraBoard 2.0" technology. The vehicle supports L2 to L4 level intelligent driving and is scheduled to hit the market in the fourth quarter of 2024. The event also marked the launch of the Welfare Edition of E9, GAC's luxury PHEV MPV. The new version of the 7-seater caters to users with mobility challenges with its unique detachable electric seat. GAC's relentless pursuit of innovation underscores its vision to reshape the automotive landscape and drive sustainable growth. With a focus on technology-driven development, GAC aims to continue pushing the boundaries of automotive excellence, setting new benchmarks for the industry.
WEIFANG, China, April 16, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- At 10:00 a.m. on April 16, Weichai Power, a globally famous group of industrial equipment, officially opened its future technology laboratory. This is an important measure for Weichai to cope with the arrival of the future "double-carbon" era and lead the energy change, and also a milestone event in science and technology to promote the vehicle and machinery of Shandong Heavy Industry Group to become world-class. Tan Xuguang, Chairman and Chief Engineer of Weichai Power and Director of the National Key Laboratory of Internal Combustion Engine and Powertrain, and Sun Nannan, Assistant General Manager of Weichai Power and President of the Future Technology Research Institute, jointly unveiled the plaque for the laboratory. Relevant leaders of Weichai Group and all doctors, totaling more than 260 people, witnessed this important moment on the spot. Weichai Power has invested more than 2 billion yuan over a period of 4 years to build this laboratory, which covers an area of 7,000 square meters, with a building area of 28,000 square meters, and has 46 independent laboratory compartments, covering the new energy power battery, fuel cell technology, emission upgrading and post-processing, electronic control technology, high reliability friction and wear technology, lubrication technology and other cutting-edge basic research fields. As the world's largest comprehensive multi-source power laboratory, it boasts the industry's top nanometer-level test equipment in the world, as well as the world's leading test capabilities for the three major R&D platforms of vehicle and machinery, new energy commercial vehicle power system, and future technologies. Looking around the world, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial change are advancing rapidly, and the integration of science and technology with economic and social development is accelerating. The future technology laboratory is a scientific research and test equipment resource set up by Weichai Power for the next 20 years, which shoulders the three important tasks of building a first-class results output platform, a synergistic pivot of innovative resources, and an incubation base for top brains more quickly. In the future, the laboratory will be based on Weichai, serve the vehicle and machinery business of Shandong Heavy Industry Group, and provide innovation support for the whole industrial chain. Science and technology constitute the foremost productive forces, talented personnel are the primary resources, and innovation is the most important driving force. Weichai provides science and technology workers with the world's top experimental platform and the industry's unique innovation resources. With the advent of technology, speed and efficiency are the most valuable "gold". Tan Xuguang called on all Weichai's science and technology workers to cherish the platform and ecology, and harvest the world's top scientific and technological achievements without any distraction, one step at a time; to seize the time and quickly go all out in this global science and technology competition, and support the enterprise to accelerate towards a world-class science and technology powerhouse through innovative and disruptive science and technology; and to give full play to imagination and innovation to make a dream a reality. It is fun to fight with the sky, the earth and the market! New journey, new mission, new action. Tan Xuguang said that the opening of Weichai Power's future technology laboratory is a brand-new starting point for our science and technology causes, and we have to work together towards the ambitious goals of future science and technology!
CHANGSHA, China, April 16, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- SANY Group ("SANY") is gearing up to showcase at the INTERMAT Trade Show 2024 in Paris from 24 to 27 April 2024 at booth Ext 5 C 044. The booth, measuring an impressive area of 2,728 m2, will showcase 34 cutting-edged machines spanning excavators, concrete machinery, road machinery, port machinery, and several hydraulic parts. SANY Set to Showcase its Green and Latest Products at INTERMAT 2024 Attendees can expect to witness a batch of brand-new equipment, spanning mini excavators, Europe-customized wheeled excavators, pilling machines, reach stackers, telehandlers, mixer truckers, and road machines. Notably, in keeping with the key theme of this year's event – "low-carbon", SANY will bring 6 pure-electric machines to the show, including two forklifts SCP35C6, a milling machine SCM500E-10, a reach stacker SRSC45E5, a mixer truck SY408C-8FRBEV, and a mini excavator SY19E, underscoring the company's dedication to environmental responsibility and reducing carbon emissions in the construction industry. Moreover, visitors to SANY's booth will have the opportunity to experience the company's intelligent manufacturing and digitalization initiatives through immersive presentations on a digital screen. The screen will share the actual scene of SANY's lighthouse factories in Changsha-- the No. 18 Factory, IIoT platform, excavator index, and real-time computing for dual carbon management. Additionally, SANY will present an excavator show, blending the robust allure of heavy machinery with a touch of French romance for all visitors. Over at the Driving Club, attendees will have the opportunity to "experience" SANY's equipment firsthand through the game "Construction Simulator 3". "With the focus on our strategy of "Globalization, Digitalization and Decarbonization", our mission has always been clear: to provide products and services of high quality and high reliability to our customers around the world. However, we are also contributing to global efforts to combat climate change," stated Xiang Wenbo, Rotating Chairman of SANY Group. "SANY is promoting a green and sustainable development front in all aspects by building a green production chain based on carbon reduction in source, process, and terminal. Currently, SANY has electric products in almost all of our product portfolios, and we are looking forward to bringing more electric products to the European market." With the theme of "Moving more", SANY always stands at the forefront as the industry transitions toward a greener future. Stay tuned for live updates and exclusive coverage as SANY showcases its vision for a sustainable and greener future at INTERMAT 2024.
This rugged tablet features a special antenna and built-in satcom module that lets you connect to the Iridium® satellite network (plus 5G and Wi-Fi 6E) – for reliable connectivity anywhere on the planet! TAIPEI, April 16, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- RuggON, a leading manufacturer of rugged computing solutions for harsh environments (part of Ubiqconn Technology, Inc.) today introduced the Iridium Connected™ PX501, a powerful ruggedized tablet that provides truly global, reliable connectivity. With its special antenna and built-in satellite-communications module, the Iridium Connected™ PX501 offers extreme connectivity in extreme environments – giving you the option of connecting to 5G, Wi-Fi 6E, and the Iridium® satellite network. Front view. RuggON's Iridium Connected PX501 rugged tablet features a special antenna and built-in satcom module that lets you connect to the Iridium® satellite network (plus 5G and Wi-Fi 6E) – for reliable connectivity anywhere on the planet! This special version of the highly regarded RuggON PX501 tablet provides its users with weather-resilient, reliable communications anywhere on the planet, including at the North and South Poles. The tablet also adds powerful computing. Running on advanced 13th Gen Intel® Core™ i5 / i7 processors, the tablet can smoothly run the most demanding industrial applications. When users roam outside of terrestrial coverage, the tablet connects to the Iridium satellite network for messaging, weather updates, location tracking and more. RuggON's Iridium Connected PX501 rugged tablet features a special antenna and built-in satcom module that lets you connect to the Iridium® satellite network (plus 5G and Wi-Fi 6E) – for reliable connectivity anywhere on the planet! With its powerful processing and extreme connectivity, this rugged tablet is ideal for demanding industries like maritime, aviation, government, industrials, energy (oil and gas), transportation, agriculture, etc. It is also an ideal solution for any scientist or adventurer who wants a powerful tablet that can keep them connected when they venture out to the most remote corners of the planet, far beyond the reach of 5G towers. "RuggON is proud to bring such a unique and versatile tablet to the market. If our users move out of range of 5G and WiFi services, they can still connect via Iridium's global satellite network, which covers every corner of the planet, including the North and South Poles," said Tom Wang, North America CEO of Ubiqconn (RuggON's parent company). "On top of that, the Iridium Connected PX501 is ruggedized to withstand extreme temperatures, dust, rain, shocks, vibration, and more. It really offers extreme connectivity in extreme environments." RuggON's Iridium Connected PX501 – Overview: This is a satellite-connecting version of the RuggON PX501 rugged tablet. It is made to thrive in extreme environments – for industries like Maritime, Aviation, Government, Industrials, Energy (Oil and Gas), Transportation, Agriculture, etc. CPU: 13th Gen Intel® Core™ i5 / i7 OS: Windows 11 RAM: 8G - 32G Storage: 128G - 1T Display: 10.1" (1920 x 1200), 1000 nits, 10-point Capacitive Touch Communications: LEO (satcom), 5G / LTE, WiFi 6E, GNSS, BT5.3, NFC I / O: RS232, USB3.2 Type C / A, GE, RF pass-through Durability: IP65, MIL-STD-810H, MIL-STD-461G Temp. Range: -20°C to 60°C About RuggON RuggON manufactures, sells and SUPPORTS high-quality rugged tablets, in-vehicle computers, monitors, smart panels, etc. Our devices feature high levels of dustproofing, rain-proofing, shock-proofing, etc. We focus on quality assurance and after-sales service, and we have built up a reputation for delivering reliable products and excellent product support. LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/ruggon-corporation/ Website: ruggon.com
