1. Introduction of optical moduleAs an important part of fiber optic communication, optical module is an optoelectronic device that realizes the function of photoelectric conversion and electro-optical conversion. To be precise, optical module is the general name of several types of modules, including optical transmitting module transmitter, optical receiving module receiver, optical transceiver module transmitter and optical forwarding module transmitter. Generally, the optical module we call generally refers to the integrated optical transceiver module, namely, optical transceiver. ① Working principle of optical transceiver Optical transceiver works in the physical layer of OSI model and is one of the core devices in optical fiber communication system. It is mainly composed of optoelectronic devices (optical transmitter, optical receiver), functional circuit and optical (Electrical) interface. Components of an optical transceiver Basic principle: the transmitting interface inputs an electrical signal with a certain code rate. After being processed by the internal driving chip, the driving semiconductor laser (LD) or light emitting diode (LED) emits a modulated optical signal with a corresponding rate. After being transmitted through the optical fiber, the receiving interface converts the optical signal from the optical detection diode into an electrical signal, After passing through the preamplifier, the electrical signal of the corresponding code rate is output. ② Key parameters of optical transceiver The key technical indicators of the optical transceiver mainly include: transmitting optical power, receiving optical power, overload optical power, maximum receiving sensitivity and extinction ratio. A. Transmitting optical power: refers to the optical power output by the light source at the transmitting end of the optical module under normal working conditions, which can be understood as the intensity of light, and the unit is w or MW or DBM. Where w or MW is the linear unit and DBM is the logarithmic unit. In communication, we usually use DBM to represent optical power, and the optical power of 0dbm corresponds to 1MW.B. Receiving optical power: refers to the average optical power range that can be received by the receiving end component under the condition of a certain bit error rate (BER = 10-12). The upper limit value is the overload optical power, and the lower limit value is the maximum value of reception sensitivity.C. Overload optical power: also known as saturated optical power, it refers to the maximum input average optical power that can be received by the receiver component when a certain bit error rate (BER = 10-12) is maintained at a certain transmission rate (unit: DBM). It should be noted that the photocurrent saturation of the photodetector will occur under strong light irradiation. Therefore, strong light irradiation should be avoided as far as possible to prevent exceeding the saturated light power.D. Receiving sensitivity: refers to the minimum average input optical power that can be received by the receiving end component when a certain bit error rate (BER = 10-12) is maintained at a certain transmission rate (unit: DBM). Generally, the higher the rate, the worse the reception sensitivity, that is, the greater the minimum received optical power, and the higher the requirements for the receiving devices of the optical transceiver.E. Extinction ratio (EXT): it is one of the important parameters used to measure the quality of optical modules. It refers to the ratio of the optical power P1 (when the laser emits all "1" codes) to P0 (when the laser emits all "0" codes) under the condition of full modulation, and the unit is dB. It is not that the greater the extinction ratio, the better the quality of the optical module, but that the optical module with an extinction ratio can meet the IEEE 802.3 standard is the better. ③ Example of optical transceiver information on the switch: Cisco switch interface optical transceiver information: Huawei switch interface optical transceiver information:2. Classification and packaging(form-factor) of optical transceivers ① Transmission rate: The current common types of optical modules are as follows:400GE optical module200GE optical module100GE optical module40GE optical module25GE Optical Module10GE Optical ModuleGE Optical ModuleFE Optical Module ② Form-factors: The higher the transmission rate, the more complex the structure, resulting in form-factors. For example, SFP/eSFP, SFP+, SFP28, QSFP+, CXP, CFP, QSFP28, etc. l SFP (Small Form-factor Pluggable) optical module: small pluggable SFP module supports LC fiber connector.l SFP + (Small Form-factor Pluggable plus) optical module: refers to the SFP module with increased rate. Because of the increased rate, it is sensitive to EMI and smaller than the SFP module.l XFP (10GB Small Form-factor Pluggable) optical module: "X" is the abbreviation of Roman numeral 10. All XFP modules are 10GE optical modules. The XFP optical module supports LC optical fiber connectors. Compared with SFP + optical module, XFP optical module is wider and longer in size.l SFP28 (Small Form-factor Pluggable 28) optical module: the interface package size is the same as that of SFP +, and supports 25G SFP28 optical module and 10G SFP + optical module.l QSFP+ (Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable) optical module: four channel small hot pluggable optical module. QSFP + optical module supports MPO optical fiber connector, which is larger than SFP + optical module. Fiber Mall 40G QSFP+ Optical Transceivers l CXP (120 GB/s Extended Capability Form-factor Pluggable) optical module: it is a hot-pluggable high-density parallel optical module standard. It provides 12 channels in the transmit and receive (TX / Rx) directions. It is only applicable to short-range multimode links.l CFP (CENTUM Form-factor pluggable) optical module: the size is defined as 144.75mm × 82mm × 13.6mm, which is a new optical module standard with high speed, hot-pluggable and supporting two applications of data communication and telecommunication transmission.l QSFP28 (Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable 28) optical module: the interface package size is the same as QSFP+, and supports 100G QSFP28 optical module and 40G QSFP+ optical module. ③ Single-mode or muti-mode? The optical fiber is divided into single-mode optical fiber and multi-mode optical fiber. The single-mode optical module is used together with the single-mode optical fiber. The single-mode optical fiber has wide transmission frequency bandwidth and large transmission capacity, which is suitable for long-distance transmission; The multi-mode optical module is used together with multi-mode optical fiber, and multi-mode optical fiber has mode dispersion defect, and its transmission performance is worse than that of single-mode optical fiber, but the cost is low. Therefore, it is suitable for small capacity and short-distance transmission. ④ Wavelength The central wavelength refers to the waveband used for optical signal transmission. At present, there are three kinds of common central wavelengths: 850nm, 1310nm and 1550nm.850nm: mostly used for short distance transmission (≤ 2km)1310nm and 1550nm: mostly used for medium and long distance transmission (>2km) ⑤ Transmission distance According to the different transmission distance of optical module, it can be divided into:Short distance optical module: ≤ 2kmMedium distance optical module, 10 ~ 20kmLong distance optical module: ≥30km.The transmission distance of optical modules is limited mainly because of the loss and dispersion of optical signals during fiber transmission. ⑥ Photoelectric module The photoelectric module is usually called electric port module or RJ45 SFP module. Unlike the optical module, the electric port module does not carry out photoelectric conversion. Through the switching of the electric module, the two optical interfaces can be connected with a network cable.RJ45 Copper SFP Module 3. Development and evolution of optical transceiversIn the current physical architecture network of mainstream data centers, Spine-Leaf (Clos network architecture) architecture is commonly followed. Usually 10GE interface is used as the access side server docking, and 40GE interface is commonly used for the uplink on the Leaf side. In large data centers, it has been common to use 25G as the mainstream access and 100G uplink. In scenarios requiring high computation and high bandwidth, GPU servers have been using 100GE and even 200GE access. Data center switch interconnects are evolving to large-scale 400GE interconnects.The development of Ethernet has undergone rapid changes from 1Mbit/s, 10Mbit/s, 100Mbit/s (FE), 1Gbit/s (GE), 10Gbit/s (10GE) to 40Gbit/s (40GE), 100Gbit\s (100GE), and with the rapid development of big data, smart cities, mobile Internet, cloud computing, network traffic has shown exponential growth. The thirst for continuous growth of bandwidth will require higher bandwidth rates, and optical modules will develop rapidly.
Fiber Optic Transceivers Optical Module Fiber Optic 2668 81 07/29/21RECENT POSTS
SHANGHAI, April 24, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- The 2024 QS World University Rankings by Subject were released on April 10, 2024, with Antai College of Economics and Management (ACEM) of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) achieving remarkable results. Three of its disciplines ranked among the global top 50, with "Statistics & Operational Research" making its debut in the top 40. Three disciplines of ACEM ranked among the global top 50 Key Highlights: "Statistics & Operational Research" ranked 36th globally and 3rd in mainland China, entering the top 40 for the first time since 2015. "Business & Management Studies" ranked 42nd globally and 3rd in mainland China, maintaining its position in the top 50 for the 9th consecutive year. "Accounting & Finance" ranked 47th globally and 3rd in mainland China, staying in the top 50 for the 7th year in a row. "Economics & Econometrics" ranked 57th globally and 4th in mainland China. In this year's rankings, 101 universities from mainland China were listed across 54 disciplines, placing the country third globally behind the United States and the United Kingdom. Shanghai Jiao Tong University had 11 disciplines in the global top 50, with Antai College contributing three of them. The QS World University Rankings by Subject are determined by five indicators: Academic Reputation, Employer Reputation, Research Citations per Paper, H-index, and International Research Network, which reflects the sustainable research partnerships established between universities and other higher education institutions.
OSTFILDERN, Germany, April 24, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- INTAMSYS has officially signed a sponsorship contract with WorldSkills Lyon 2024, becoming the supplier of FFF 3D printing equipment for the Mechanical Engineering CAD and Additive Manufacturing Skills at the event. This partnership includes the provision of 47 INTAMSYS FUNMAT PRO 310 3D printers, software and filament supply, as well as training and technical support. This ensures that competitors can fully leverage advanced devices to showcase their skills and innovation. INTAMSYS Becomes 3D Printing Equipment Supplier for the WORLDSKILLS LYON 2024 COMPETITION This sponsorship agreement strengthens the global partnership forged by INTAMSYS with WorldSkills International in December 2023, underscoring INTAMSYS's enduring commitment to global skills education and talent development. Since its establishment in 1946, WorldSkills has been acknowledged as the world championship of skills due to its profound impact, with the WorldSkills Competitions standing as the gold standard for excellence in skills. As the 47th WorldSkills Competition, WorldSkills Lyon 2024 is scheduled to take place in Lyon, France, from September 10 to 15, 2024. Bringing together 1,500 elite talents from 65 countries and regions, the event will feature competitions across 59 skill categories, highlighting competitors' outstanding abilities and innovative potential. INTAMSYS, proud sponsor of WorldSkills Lyon 2024, is dedicated to fostering the next generation of innovators, engineers, and creators by advanced industrial 3D printing technology in the digital era, which serves as a catalyst for competitors to push the boundaries of design, manufacturing, and innovation. INTAMSYS 3D Printer: FUNMAT PRO 310 As the designated competition equipment, INTAMSYS FUNMAT PRO 310 3D printer revolutionizes desktop 3D printing with its industrial-grade performance, delivering exceptional printing capabilities for engineering plastics. Specifically optimized for full-size printing with engineering materials such as PC and ABS, this solution effectively prevents warping and deformation while accurately translating competitors' design concepts into reality. Moreover, INTAMSYS offers a diverse range of materials, including support materials, empowering competitors to explore possibilities for design innovation. INTAMSYS's sponsorship extends beyond hardware provision, encompassing comprehensive online training and technical support. This ensures that competitors from different countries can fairly grasp the fundamentals of printer. INTAMSYS's technical support team will prepare, calibrate, and test all equipment in advance, guaranteeing optimal performance throughout the competition. Franck le Roux, Executive Director of WorldSkills Lyon 2024 said: "We are pleased and honored to count INTAMSYS among the companies supporting WorldSkills Lyon 2024 and, through our movement, youth and trades. It is thanks to the involvement of our partners that we will succeed, from September 10th to 15th 2024, in showcasing the beauty of our trades and their usefulness to society." WorldSkills Lyon 2024 transcends mere skill competition; it stands as a global celebration of skills and vocational education. INTAMSYS's sponsorship will ensure the seamless execution of the event, fostering the development of global skill talent and making substantial contributions to the advancement of a more prosperous and inclusive society for the future. About INTAMSYSINTAMSYS is a global leader in industrial 3D printing, providing comprehensive additive manufacturing solutions and 3D printing services. Founded in 2016 by a team of experienced engineers, INTAMSYS has become a trusted partner for customers in a wide range of industries. Specializing in FFF technology, INTAMSYS focuses on delivering cutting-edge FUNMAT 3D printers capable of handling a diverse range of engineering materials, as well as its own suite of high-performance materials. With offices in Germany, the United States, and China, INTAMSYS maintains a global network of partners, ensuring seamless service delivery worldwide. For more information about INTAMSYS, please visit www.intamsys.com For more information about WorldSkills Lyon 2024, please visit our website: WorldSkills Lyon 2024 - 10 to 15 September (worldskills2024.com)
SINGAPORE, April 24, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- The global imperative to improve access to and the quality of education continues to be paramount. In this regard, independent charity Vantage Foundation notes that India has made significant strides in its education system, with strong indicators pointing to the country's notable efforts to enhance learning outcomes. Vantage Foundation supports education activities of the UNESCO South Asia Regional Office in New Delhi in India Notably, Vantage Foundation recognises the pivotal role played by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in facilitating India's transition toward a digitally empowered society. UNESCO's profound insights, showcased through the State of Education Report (SOER) published by the UNESCO New Delhi Office, serve as a testament to its commitment to driving positive educational reforms. "UNESCO New Delhi produces our flagship report on the issues relating to the domain of education in India such as artificial intelligence in education, technical and vocational education, climate education etc.," explains Joyce Poan, Programme Specialist and Chief of Sector for Education, UNESCO New Delhi. "We collaborated with Vantage on the topic of artificial intelligence and education. These reports are useful to policymakers because they provide updated information and ten concrete recommendations, specific to India." "The SOER was the result of meticulous research by experts and designed for practical application. As such, we can bear witness to its tangible effects in India today," says Steven Xie, Executive Director of Vantage Foundation. "More importantly, its universal insights have the potential to transcend borders, offering far-reaching benefits that extend beyond India." Joyce also highlights the reports' wide-ranging use cases. "Our reports serve as an essential compilation of best practices, going beyond merely informing policymakers. They also represent an important repository of knowledge on the chosen topic, aimed at educating teachers, students, and the public alike," she explains. When asked about the future updates to its knowledge base, Joyce explains, "This year, UNESCO New Delhi will prioritise cultural and arts education in India. Our upcoming report will spotlight best practices from different Indian states and strategies for enhancing cultural and arts education across the country." Through their collaborative efforts, Vantage Foundation and UNESCO New Delhi exemplify a shared dedication to nurturing educational excellence and societal progress. These initiatives are crafted to inspire the next generation to strive for greater accomplishments, both within India and on a global scale. About Vantage Foundation Vantage Foundation is an independent charitable organisation launched at the McLaren Technology Centre in the UK with the support of the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR), and the NEOM McLaren Extreme E team in 2023. For more information, please visit www.vantage.foundation
SHANGHAI, April 24, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- SANY Group (SANY) is taking part in the road construction project in New Zealand's Bay of Plenty, the 12th road upgrading project in New Zealand as the country embarks on major upgrades to its transport infrastructure. SANY Supports New Zealand Tourism Through Infrastructure Transformation and Upgrading Globalization is an important element of SANY's development strategy, with the goal of building a better world. The group has been actively exporting high-end equipment to support urban upgrading and infrastructure projects around the world. Upon completion, the Bay of Plenty road will provide more convenient and safer transportation options to the local communities and tourists visiting the region. SANY has delivered three pieces of road construction equipment that are working in synchronization to guarantee both construction quality and efficiency: STR30C-8 lightweight double-drum roller: it's equipped with a Yanmar engine with robust power and offers the choice of front and rear, single and double drum vibration, which can be switched flexibly under any working conditions. The model's high compaction and high-density rolling quality can meet the strict requirements of highway construction. SSR180C-8 single-drum roller: the cabin is certified by Rops/Fops, standard configuration includes a reversing camera and full LED lights to provide a more comfortable and safer operating environment. SMG200C-8 motor grader: the robust model has a Meikang engine with 186KW power, coupled with direct-drive powershift transmission, smooth shifting, and quick response to ensure operation with precision, the easy-to-maintain rotary support device also reduces cost and boosts reliability and durability. As a leading supplier of complete road construction equipment, SANY has built a comprehensive product portfolio of five core categories – pavers, rollers, graders, milling machines, and asphalt mixing plants. In 2021, SANY's hydraulic roller, asphalt plant, and pavers had the highest market share in China, according to the statistics from the China Construction Machinery Industry Association (CCMIA). "With short winters and long summers, the Bay of Plenty is one of New Zealand's sunniest and most popular vacation destinations. Its breathtaking natural beauty and unique culture attract numerous tourists from around the world, and we're delighted to support the construction of the roads with our products to help build a better Bay of Plenty, and we look forward to participating in more projects that will create better tourism experiences for visitors from all over the world," said by Jat Zhang, Country General Manager of SANY. SANY Supports New Zealand Tourism Through Infrastructure Transformation and Upgrading
