After years of development, 100G applications have formed a variety of technology types and alliances, whether it is the standardized ieee802.3bm or the 100G application model launched by SWDM, MSA and other organizations. There are many kinds of interfaces and application technologies supporting 100G, and each has its own characteristics. For the practical application of the data center, the distance between the connection points of most data centers does not exceed 500 meters. From a large number of 100G interface models, we have selected four types that are most likely to be used in data centers for further analysis for users who need to deploy 100G for reference. 1. 100GBase-SR4 100GBase-SR4 complies with the new standard ieee802.3bm issued in 2015. It uses 4 channels composed of 8-core multimode fiber for parallel transmission. Both multimode OM3 and OM4 optical fibers support 100G applications. The interface adopts 12 core MPO interface. The middle four core optical fiber does not need to be used. Each channel supports 25G. The transmission model is completely consistent with 100GBase-SR4 in ieee802.3ba. The optical transceiver adopts 100G QSFP28 SR4. This model can use conventional OM3 and OM4 multimode optical fibers to support 70m and 100m distances of 100G applications respectively. 2. 100GBase-SWDM4 SWDM (Short Wavelength Division Multiplexing) transmits four wavelength bands of optical signals over a single core of multimode fiber. The principle of WDM is similar to CWDM on single-mode, but SWDM is the first application of WDM technology on the short wavelength band of multimode fiber. It can be referred to the transmission principle model in the following figure: The main transmission window of traditional OM3 and OM4 multimode fiber is defined at 850nm. If SWDM technology is adopted, four windows are required to transmit optical signals, and the four wavebands still use VCSEL vertical cavity surface emitting lasers with high cost performance. In order to improve the overall bandwidth, the bandwidth of the new generation multimode fiber WBMMF(Wideband Multimode Fiber) is increased. In WBMMF, the highest bandwidth performance is around 880nm band, and the highest bandwidth point is higher than that of traditional OM4 multimode fiber. The SWDM technology can also use OM4 optical fiber as the transmission medium, but the transmission distance should be reduced accordingly. Compared with the SR4 model, SWDM4 requires only 25% of the optical fiber.3. 100GBase-PSM4 100GBase-PSM4 adopts single-mode optical fiber parallel transmission mode. Each 100G model adopts 8-core single-mode optical fiber to form four independent channels. The interface adopts 12 core MPO interface, in which the middle 4-core optical fiber of MPO interface is not enabled, and each channel supports 25G. The optical fiber transmission model is similar to 100GBase-SR4. The biggest difference is that PSM4 adopts single-mode optical fiber as the transmission medium and laser light source 1310 window. The optical transceiver also adopts QSFP28, and the connector adopts MTP / MPO single-mode APC. At present, 100GBase PSM4 has not been recognized by IEEE standardization organization, and is mainly promoted by PSM4 MSA alliance. 4. 100GBase-CWDM4 100GBase-CWDM4 is a 100G transmission model based on single-mode coarse wavelength division multiplexing(CWDM) technology. The fiber optic transceiver uses a single-mode laser light source with LC duplex interface, and supports four long wavelength bands of signal transmission on each core fiber, these four emission windows are 1271nm,1291nm,1311nm,1331nm, and each band transmits 25G. 100GBase-CWDM4 model is also used QSFP28 optical transceiver.Compare to traditional single-mode 10KM transceiver with high cost, the 2KM QSFP28 100G CWDM4 transceiver has a competitive price. 5. Summary Different types of data centers determine different needs. Not all data center users currently have the need to deploy 100G, so what types of users need to deploy 100G networks the most? To answer this question, we can divide data centers into two major categories, IDC (Internet Data Center) and EDC (Enterprise Data Center). Relatively speaking, some IDC data centers have more urgency to deploy 100G backbone networks, such as the data centers of large interconnection companies or carriers or some scaled cloud computing data centers. In terms of current price, although the wiring cost of multi-mode 100G based on SR4 is relatively high, the overall price has certain advantages, especially the price of SR4 optical transceiver is significantly lower than that of other types. Meanwhile, the price of optical transceiver based on CWDM single-mode is significantly higher than that of the other three types. The overall price difference between PSM4 and SWDM is small. As the SWDM alliance participated by a small number of optical transceiver manufacturers, it is not a public technology at present, and the market price remains relatively high temporarily. However, from the perspective of technology and cost composition, there is still a large room for price decline of SWDM, and this product has a certain market potential in the future.
Optical Transceiver QSFP28 100G QSFP28 3075 101 07/29/21RECENT POSTS
HONG KONG, April 22, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- The results of the third TERA-Award Smart Energy Innovation Competition, hosted by Towngas, have been announced in Hong Kong. The Gold Award and a prize of US$1 million were won by a project of advanced alkaline hydrogen-producing equipment from a Chinese research team, significantly reducing the cost of hydrogen production. An Israeli team won the Silver Award for hydrogen storage at near-ambient conditions; another Chinese team received Bronze for versatile heat/cold energy storage material. The Gold Award winner, which received a US$1 million prize, is Hua Xia Hydrogen Technology from China. The company has developed a high-efficiency design for hydrogen production through water electrolysis, requiring less than 4.3 kWh of DC power per cubic metre of hydrogen. This technology enables direct hydrogen production from renewable energy, reducing equipment costs and improving long-term operational stability. It has applications in various sectors, such as industry, transportation, power, and construction, providing low-cost solutions for hydrogen production. The Silver Award project, "Reshaping H2 Storage and Transportation", comes from an Israeli research team. The team uses water and bicarbonate to store hydrogen, offering advantages such as being non-toxic, non-flammable and non-explosive. It can also be transported at close-to-ambient temperature and pressure, reducing the cost of hydrogen storage and transportation to below US$1 per kilogram. The Bronze Award recognised a project that utilises high-efficiency phase change material (PCM) technology to replace traditional refrigeration or heating solutions. PCM can absorb and store thermal energy or cold energy at temperatures ranging from -150°C to 1,000°C, making it suitable for applications such as air conditioning, cold storage, and data centres. This technology provides safer and more stable temperature control while achieving zero-carbon peak shifting and energy savings of up to 20%. The third TERA-Award received 450 zero-carbon projects from 59 countries and regions worldwide, reflecting a 60% increase compared to the previous year. Dr Lee Ka-kit, Founder of the TERA-Award, remarked, "The TERA-Award has become a gathering platform for global energy technology innovation entrepreneurs, providing comprehensive services for scientists to bring their research results to the market. I am also pleased to announce that the TERA-Award brand will be elevated from a competition to an accelerator platform for zero-carbon technologies." Dr Lee encouraged more global zero-carbon technology entrepreneurs to join the TERA-Award and collaborate in creating a sustainable future through technological innovation.
MILAN, April 22, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Leading interior design firm Cheng Chung Design (CCD) hosted a grand celebration, "Stellar Voyage - CCD Night," on the occasion of the firm's 30th anniversary on April 18 at Four Seasons Hotel Milano during the Salone del Mobile.Milano. The celebration was joined by more than 200 distinguished guests, including the president of Salone del Mobile. Milano, professors and scholars from globally renowned academic institutions, founders of globally renowned architecture and interior design companies, international fashion brands, renowned contemporary artists /designers, partner brands, clients, hotel management groups and international media. "Milan is the fashion and artistic city of globe. CCD has developed from a design and creative agency to an ecosystem that combines technology, art, and lifestyle brands. Strategically, we look to further expand in the international market, CCD is forging connections and mobilizing creative resources on a global scale to cater to our esteemed clients worldwide," said Joe Cheng, Founder of Cheng Chung Design. CCD is continuously pushing the boundaries of design, and building strategic partnerships with Kohler, and Occhio. We collaborated with Kohler to develop a new Chinese-style suite inspired by the Forbidden City, set to debut at the Kitchen & Bath China 2024. Furthermore, our collaboration with Occhio enables us to provide human-centric intelligent lighting solutions for various CCD projects. During the Salone del Mobile.Milano, CCD is introducing the original designer product designed by its lifestyle brand COSMO CROSS with the goal of making art accessible in life at SaloneSatellite, a unique exhibition devoting particular attention to young designers. CCD also launched two new collections jointly designed with SCIC and Newform, strengthening crossover cooperation while continually breaking the barriers of design. About CCD CCD/Cheng Chung Design (HK) was founded by Mr. Joe Cheng, specializing in providing interior design and consulting services for top international brand hotels. CCD is ranked as #1 in TOP 10 Hospitality in US Interior Design Magazine in 2022. CCD received the "Top 500 Asian Brands" honor in 2019 and 2020. CCD has always been the icon in the hospitality design field, with the whole industry chain operation mode (pre-consultant, architectural design, interior design, electromechanical, lighting, logo, softcover, art works, etc.) covering hotel, corporate, commercial complex, and high-end residential design. In response to the diversified demands of the market, CCD has successively launched various sub-brands: UCD, Wowu Art Consultancy, Raritag Network Technology, and COSMO CROSS, which have achieved cross-border connection and private customization of products and services. For more information, please visit http://www.ccd.com.hk. CONTACT: pr@ccd.com.hk
JAKARTA, Indonesia, April 22, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Dialog Axiata PLC, Sri Lanka's #1 connectivity provider, and Telin, the international arm of Telkom Indonesia, have signed a new Master Service Agreement (MSA) whereby Telin will exclusively provide Managed Services for international A2P SMS traffic and international voice termination traffic to Dialog. This agreement aims to monetize international traffic while extending unparalleled convenience, enhanced security, global coverage and consistent service quality to Dialog customers. The signing symbolized the commitment of both organizations to enhance telecommunication services around the world. The rise of spam, fraud, and unsolicited SMS messages has increasingly become a pressing concern for a multitude of operators in the telecommunications industry. With the exponential growth of mobile communication and digital connectivity, the proliferation of unwarranted messages poses significant challenges to both consumers and service providers alike. Telin manages the international voice and messaging of its sister company, Telkomsel, protecting the Telkomsel brand and providing quality connectivity for hyperscalers and carriers to connect to the Telkomsel customers. "We are very pleased to partner with Dialog, as they are mostly concerned about protecting their customers and network from unwarranted traffic. They understand the challenges in the market and have been very reasonable in the negotiations of this agreement. We hope that other MNO's can follow their lead so that trust is restored in the A2P and Voice businesses around the world", stated Budi Satria Dharma Purba, CEO Telin. Commenting, Supun Weerasinghe, Director/Group Chief Executive of Dialog Axiata PLC said, "We are pleased to join forces with Telin in this strategic partnership, reinforcing our commitment to protecting our customers and enhancing the integrity of international communications. This collaboration not only addresses the challenges posed by spam and fraud but also exemplifies our dedication to delivering consistent service quality and enhanced security to our valued customers. Together with Telin, we look forward to pioneering a transformative approach to safeguarding communication channels and building trust in the digital era." About Dialog Axiata Group: Dialog Axiata Group, a subsidiary of Axiata Group Berhad (Axiata), operates Sri Lanka's Leading Quad-Play Connectivity Provider. Dialog Axiata PLC, listed on the Colombo Stock Exchange, is the market leader in Mobile, Digital Pay Television, Fixed Telecommunications and International Services sectors, along with a robust footprint and market presence in Digital Services, Financial Services, and IT Services. Dialog Axiata Group is Sri Lanka's largest Foreign Direct Investor (FDI) with investments totalling USD 3.2 Billion. Dialog has been ranked as the Most Valuable Brand in SriLanka from 2019-2023 by Brand Finance, UK. The Company delivers advanced mobile telephony and high-speed mobile broadband services to a subscriber base of over 17 Million Sri Lankans. As the market leader in Pay Television and Home Broadband sectors, Dialog provides world-class entertainment services and superior fixed connectivity to millions of households across Sri Lanka. The Company also has a strong international footprint, including roaming partnerships with over 650 operators across over 200 destinations and investments in multiple subsea cables across Asia. The winner of six Global Mobile Awards, Dialog has had the distinction of being voted by Sri Lankan consumers as the 'Telecommunication Brand of the Year' for a record twelfth year at the SLIM-KANTAR People's Awards 2023. Dialog is certified for ISO 9001 Quality Management System, ISO 27001:2013 Information Security Management System, and ISO 14001:2015 Environmental Management System. Dialog has received numerous local and international awards, including the National Quality Award, Sri Lanka Business Excellence Award and the ACCA Sustainability Award. For more information about Dialog, visit www.dialog.lk About Telin: Established in 2007, Telin provides premium international carrier voice, data services, and tailored business solutions for wholesale, enterprise, digital, and retail customers. Telin operates in multiple countries, including Indonesia, Singapore, Hong Kong, Australia, Malaysia, Taiwan, the United States, Timor Leste, the United Arab Emirates, and Myanmar, with representatives in the United Kingdom, the Philippines, India, Vietnam and Canada. Telin's infrastructure spans 250,140 kilometers of cable system length, incorporating 27 Global Submarine Cable Systems, and operates 58 Points of Presence in 26 Countries, 10 global offices, 5 global countries Sales Representative, and over 19 Tier II to Tier IV Data Centers in key locations, including Singapore, Hong Kong, Timor Leste, and Indonesia. For more information about Telin, visit www.telin.net.
FOSHAN, China, April 22, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Earth Day is an annual event that promotes awareness and education about environmental issues. In 2024, the theme for Earth Day is "Planet vs. Plastics", which highlights the urgent need to address the problem of plastic pollution. In 2023, Midea recycled over 160,000 tons of used household appliances to produce recycled plastics, demonstrating its dedication to sustainability. Midea has also made significant strides in developing new materials for its laundry appliances, reducing plastic usage by 670 tons. This breakthrough is a significant step towards achieving our long-term goal of reducing plastic usage across all our product lines. Midea has taken several steps to reduce its environmental impact in 2023, including: Midea Invested over RMB 132 million in energy saving and emission reduction, promoting 1,875 energy-saving projects. The installed capacity of distributed photovoltaic power generation systems reached 280 MW, generating more than 220 million kWh of electricity, with the green electricity purchase of 7.439 million kWh. Midea Hefei factory established a self-sufficient sustainable model of water resources management, saved more than 240,000 tons of water. In these 3 years, Midea sold 3.75 million R290 refrigerant products. The replacement with R290 refrigerant products realizes 1.63 million tCO2e decrease, which is equivalent to one-year CO2 absorption of 1.93 million hectares of Amazon rainforest. Assuming the product lifetime of each KWING magnetic bearing centrifugal chiller to be 20 years, every 1,000 chillers can reduce 27,750 tons of standard coal consumption and 69,250 tons of carbon dioxide emissions. The "Gas-to-Electricity Project for Drying Furnaces" in Midea Shunde factory reduced carbon emissions 1,511 tons. Midea's efforts to reduce its carbon footprint and promote sustainable practices have resulted in several initiatives, including the use of renewable energy, reducing water consumption, and implementing sustainable packaging. In 2023, Midea passed the UN Global Compact audit and formally joined UNGC, further solidifying its commitment to sustainability. Midea has released its third ESG Report with ambitious sustainable development goals set for 2030 and has unveiled its first-ever ESG brand story with an unexpected VIP visit, highlighting its dedication to sustainability. Together, we can make a positive impact on our planet and ensure a better future for generations to come. For more information about Midea's sustainability initiatives, please visit their ESG brand story at： https://www.linkedin.com/company/mideagroup/.
